ble_event.h

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#pragma once
 
#ifdef USE_ESP32
 
#include <cstddef>  // for offsetof
#include <cstring>  // for memcpy
#include <esp_gap_ble_api.h>
#include <esp_gattc_api.h>
#include <esp_gatts_api.h>
 
#include "ble_scan_result.h"
 
namespace esphome::esp32_ble {
 
// Compile-time verification that ESP-IDF scan complete events only contain a status field
// This ensures our reinterpret_cast in ble.cpp is safe
static_assert(sizeof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t::ble_scan_param_cmpl_evt_param) == sizeof(esp_bt_status_t),
              "ESP-IDF scan_param_cmpl structure has unexpected size");
static_assert(sizeof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t::ble_scan_start_cmpl_evt_param) == sizeof(esp_bt_status_t),
              "ESP-IDF scan_start_cmpl structure has unexpected size");
static_assert(sizeof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t::ble_scan_stop_cmpl_evt_param) == sizeof(esp_bt_status_t),
              "ESP-IDF scan_stop_cmpl structure has unexpected size");
 
// Verify the status field is at offset 0 (first member)
static_assert(offsetof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t, scan_param_cmpl.status) == 0,
              "status must be first member of scan_param_cmpl");
static_assert(offsetof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t, scan_start_cmpl.status) == 0,
              "status must be first member of scan_start_cmpl");
static_assert(offsetof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t, scan_stop_cmpl.status) == 0,
              "status must be first member of scan_stop_cmpl");
 
// Compile-time verification for advertising complete events
static_assert(sizeof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t::ble_adv_data_cmpl_evt_param) == sizeof(esp_bt_status_t),
              "ESP-IDF adv_data_cmpl structure has unexpected size");
static_assert(sizeof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t::ble_scan_rsp_data_cmpl_evt_param) == sizeof(esp_bt_status_t),
              "ESP-IDF scan_rsp_data_cmpl structure has unexpected size");
static_assert(sizeof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t::ble_adv_data_raw_cmpl_evt_param) == sizeof(esp_bt_status_t),
              "ESP-IDF adv_data_raw_cmpl structure has unexpected size");
static_assert(sizeof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t::ble_adv_start_cmpl_evt_param) == sizeof(esp_bt_status_t),
              "ESP-IDF adv_start_cmpl structure has unexpected size");
static_assert(sizeof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t::ble_adv_stop_cmpl_evt_param) == sizeof(esp_bt_status_t),
              "ESP-IDF adv_stop_cmpl structure has unexpected size");
 
// Verify the status field is at offset 0 for advertising events
static_assert(offsetof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t, adv_data_cmpl.status) == 0,
              "status must be first member of adv_data_cmpl");
static_assert(offsetof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t, scan_rsp_data_cmpl.status) == 0,
              "status must be first member of scan_rsp_data_cmpl");
static_assert(offsetof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t, adv_data_raw_cmpl.status) == 0,
              "status must be first member of adv_data_raw_cmpl");
static_assert(offsetof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t, adv_start_cmpl.status) == 0,
              "status must be first member of adv_start_cmpl");
static_assert(offsetof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t, adv_stop_cmpl.status) == 0,
              "status must be first member of adv_stop_cmpl");
 
// Compile-time verification for RSSI complete event structure
static_assert(offsetof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t, read_rssi_cmpl.status) == 0,
              "status must be first member of read_rssi_cmpl");
static_assert(offsetof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t, read_rssi_cmpl.rssi) == sizeof(esp_bt_status_t),
              "rssi must immediately follow status in read_rssi_cmpl");
static_assert(offsetof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t, read_rssi_cmpl.remote_addr) == sizeof(esp_bt_status_t) + sizeof(int8_t),
              "remote_addr must follow rssi in read_rssi_cmpl");
 
// Param struct sizes on ESP32
static constexpr size_t GATTC_PARAM_SIZE = 28;
static constexpr size_t GATTS_PARAM_SIZE = 32;
 
// Maximum size for inline storage of data
// GATTC: 80 - 28 (param) - 8 (other fields) = 44 bytes for data
// GATTS: 80 - 32 (param) - 8 (other fields) = 40 bytes for data
static constexpr size_t GATTC_INLINE_DATA_SIZE = 44;
static constexpr size_t GATTS_INLINE_DATA_SIZE = 40;
 
// Verify param struct sizes
static_assert(sizeof(esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t) == GATTC_PARAM_SIZE, "GATTC param size unexpected");
static_assert(sizeof(esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t) == GATTS_PARAM_SIZE, "GATTS param size unexpected");
 
// Received GAP, GATTC and GATTS events are only queued, and get processed in the main loop().
// This class stores each event with minimal memory usage.
// GAP events (99% of traffic) don't have the heap allocation overhead.
// GATTC/GATTS events use heap allocation for their param and inline storage for small data.
//
// Event flow:
// 1. ESP-IDF BLE stack calls our static handlers in the BLE task context
// 2. The handlers create a BLEEvent instance, copying only the data we need
// 3. The event is pushed to a thread-safe queue
// 4. In the main loop(), events are popped from the queue and processed
// 5. The event destructor cleans up any external allocations
//
// Thread safety:
// - GAP events: We copy only the fields we need directly into the union
// - GATTC/GATTS events: We heap-allocate and copy the entire param struct, ensuring
//   the data remains valid even after the BLE callback returns. The original
//   param pointer from ESP-IDF is only valid during the callback.
//
// CRITICAL DESIGN NOTE:
// The heap allocations for GATTC/GATTS events are REQUIRED for memory safety.
// DO NOT attempt to optimize by removing these allocations or storing pointers
// to the original ESP-IDF data. The ESP-IDF callback data has a different lifetime
// than our event processing, and accessing it after the callback returns would
// result in use-after-free bugs and crashes.
class BLEEvent {
 public:
  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
  enum ble_event_t : uint8_t {
    GAP,
    GATTC,
    GATTS,
  };
 
  // Type definitions for cleaner method signatures
  struct StatusOnlyData {
    esp_bt_status_t status;
  };
 
  struct RSSICompleteData {
    esp_bt_status_t status;
    int8_t rssi;
    esp_bd_addr_t remote_addr;
  };
 
  // Constructor for GAP events - no external allocations needed
  BLEEvent(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t e, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *p) {
    this->type_ = GAP;
    this->init_gap_data_(e, p);
  }
 
  // Constructor for GATTC events - param stored inline, data may use heap
  // IMPORTANT: We MUST copy the param struct because the pointer from ESP-IDF
  // is only valid during the callback execution. Since BLE events are processed
  // asynchronously in the main loop, we store our own copy inline to ensure
  // the data remains valid until the event is processed.
  BLEEvent(esp_gattc_cb_event_t e, esp_gatt_if_t i, esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *p) {
    this->type_ = GATTC;
    this->init_gattc_data_(e, i, p);
  }
 
  // Constructor for GATTS events - param stored inline, data may use heap
  // IMPORTANT: We MUST copy the param struct because the pointer from ESP-IDF
  // is only valid during the callback execution. Since BLE events are processed
  // asynchronously in the main loop, we store our own copy inline to ensure
  // the data remains valid until the event is processed.
  BLEEvent(esp_gatts_cb_event_t e, esp_gatt_if_t i, esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t *p) {
    this->type_ = GATTS;
    this->init_gatts_data_(e, i, p);
  }
 
  // Destructor to clean up heap allocations
  ~BLEEvent() { this->release(); }
 
  // Default constructor for pre-allocation in pool
  BLEEvent() : event_{}, type_(GAP) {}
 
  // Invoked on return to EventPool - clean up any heap-allocated data
  void release() {
    switch (this->type_) {
      case GAP:
        // GAP events never have heap allocations
        break;
      case GATTC:
        if (!this->event_.gattc.is_inline && this->event_.gattc.data.heap_data != nullptr) {
          delete[] this->event_.gattc.data.heap_data;
          this->event_.gattc.data.heap_data = nullptr;
        }
        break;
      case GATTS:
        if (!this->event_.gatts.is_inline && this->event_.gatts.data.heap_data != nullptr) {
          delete[] this->event_.gatts.data.heap_data;
          this->event_.gatts.data.heap_data = nullptr;
        }
        break;
    }
  }
 
  // Load new event data for reuse (replaces previous event data)
  // Note: release() is NOT called here because EventPool::release() already
  // calls event->release() before returning to the free list. Every event
  // from allocate() is already in a clean state.
  void load_gap_event(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t e, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *p) {
    this->type_ = GAP;
    this->init_gap_data_(e, p);
  }
 
  void load_gattc_event(esp_gattc_cb_event_t e, esp_gatt_if_t i, esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *p) {
    this->type_ = GATTC;
    this->init_gattc_data_(e, i, p);
  }
 
  void load_gatts_event(esp_gatts_cb_event_t e, esp_gatt_if_t i, esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t *p) {
    this->type_ = GATTS;
    this->init_gatts_data_(e, i, p);
  }
 
  // Disable copy to prevent double-delete
  BLEEvent(const BLEEvent &) = delete;
  BLEEvent &operator=(const BLEEvent &) = delete;
 
  union {
    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
    struct gap_event {
      esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t gap_event;
      union {
        BLEScanResult scan_result;  // 73 bytes - Used by: esp32_ble_tracker
        // This matches ESP-IDF's scan complete event structures
        // All three (scan_param_cmpl, scan_start_cmpl, scan_stop_cmpl) have identical layout
        // Used by: esp32_ble_tracker
        StatusOnlyData scan_complete;  // 1 byte
        // Advertising complete events all have same structure
        // Used by: esp32_ble_beacon, esp32_ble server components
        // ADV_DATA_SET, SCAN_RSP_DATA_SET, ADV_DATA_RAW_SET, ADV_START, ADV_STOP
        StatusOnlyData adv_complete;  // 1 byte
        // RSSI complete event
        // Used by: ble_client (ble_rssi_sensor component)
        RSSICompleteData read_rssi_complete;  // 8 bytes
        // Security events - we store the full security union
        // Used by: ble_client (automation), bluetooth_proxy, esp32_ble_client
        esp_ble_sec_t security;  // Variable size, but fits within scan_result size
      };
    } gap;  // 80 bytes total
 
    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
    struct gattc_event {
      esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t gattc_param;  // Stored inline (28 bytes)
      esp_gattc_cb_event_t gattc_event;      // 4 bytes
      union {
        uint8_t *heap_data;                           // 4 bytes when heap-allocated
        uint8_t inline_data[GATTC_INLINE_DATA_SIZE];  // 44 bytes when stored inline
      } data;                                         // 44 bytes total
      uint16_t data_len;                              // 2 bytes
      esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if;                         // 1 byte
      bool is_inline;                                 // 1 byte - true when data is stored inline
    } gattc;                                          // Total: 80 bytes
 
    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
    struct gatts_event {
      esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t gatts_param;  // Stored inline (32 bytes)
      esp_gatts_cb_event_t gatts_event;      // 4 bytes
      union {
        uint8_t *heap_data;                           // 4 bytes when heap-allocated
        uint8_t inline_data[GATTS_INLINE_DATA_SIZE];  // 40 bytes when stored inline
      } data;                                         // 40 bytes total
      uint16_t data_len;                              // 2 bytes
      esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if;                         // 1 byte
      bool is_inline;                                 // 1 byte - true when data is stored inline
    } gatts;                                          // Total: 80 bytes
  } event_;                                           // 80 bytes
 
  ble_event_t type_;
 
  // Helper methods to access event data
  ble_event_t type() const { return type_; }
  esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t gap_event_type() const { return event_.gap.gap_event; }
  const BLEScanResult &scan_result() const { return event_.gap.scan_result; }
  esp_bt_status_t scan_complete_status() const { return event_.gap.scan_complete.status; }
  esp_bt_status_t adv_complete_status() const { return event_.gap.adv_complete.status; }
  const RSSICompleteData &read_rssi_complete() const { return event_.gap.read_rssi_complete; }
  const esp_ble_sec_t &security() const { return event_.gap.security; }
 
 private:
  // Helper to copy data with inline storage optimization
  template<typename EventStruct, size_t InlineSize>
  void copy_data_with_inline_storage_(EventStruct &event, const uint8_t *src_data, uint16_t len,
                                      uint8_t **param_value_ptr) {
    event.data_len = len;
    if (len > 0) {
      if (len <= InlineSize) {
        event.is_inline = true;
        memcpy(event.data.inline_data, src_data, len);
        *param_value_ptr = event.data.inline_data;
      } else {
        event.is_inline = false;
        event.data.heap_data = new uint8_t[len];
        memcpy(event.data.heap_data, src_data, len);
        *param_value_ptr = event.data.heap_data;
      }
    } else {
      event.is_inline = false;
      event.data.heap_data = nullptr;
      *param_value_ptr = nullptr;
    }
  }
 
  // Initialize GAP event data
  void init_gap_data_(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t e, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *p) {
    this->event_.gap.gap_event = e;
 
    if (p == nullptr) {
      return;  // Invalid event, but we can't log in header file
    }
 
    // Copy data based on event type
    switch (e) {
      case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_RESULT_EVT:
        memcpy(this->event_.gap.scan_result.bda, p->scan_rst.bda, sizeof(esp_bd_addr_t));
        this->event_.gap.scan_result.ble_addr_type = p->scan_rst.ble_addr_type;
        this->event_.gap.scan_result.rssi = p->scan_rst.rssi;
        this->event_.gap.scan_result.adv_data_len = p->scan_rst.adv_data_len;
        this->event_.gap.scan_result.scan_rsp_len = p->scan_rst.scan_rsp_len;
        this->event_.gap.scan_result.search_evt = p->scan_rst.search_evt;
        memcpy(this->event_.gap.scan_result.ble_adv, p->scan_rst.ble_adv,
               ESP_BLE_ADV_DATA_LEN_MAX + ESP_BLE_SCAN_RSP_DATA_LEN_MAX);
        break;
 
      case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_PARAM_SET_COMPLETE_EVT:
        this->event_.gap.scan_complete.status = p->scan_param_cmpl.status;
        break;
 
      case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_START_COMPLETE_EVT:
        this->event_.gap.scan_complete.status = p->scan_start_cmpl.status;
        break;
 
      case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_STOP_COMPLETE_EVT:
        this->event_.gap.scan_complete.status = p->scan_stop_cmpl.status;
        break;
 
      // Advertising complete events - all have same structure with just status
      // Used by: esp32_ble_beacon, esp32_ble server components
      case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_DATA_SET_COMPLETE_EVT:
        this->event_.gap.adv_complete.status = p->adv_data_cmpl.status;
        break;
      case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_RSP_DATA_SET_COMPLETE_EVT:
        this->event_.gap.adv_complete.status = p->scan_rsp_data_cmpl.status;
        break;
      case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_DATA_RAW_SET_COMPLETE_EVT:  // Used by: esp32_ble_beacon
        this->event_.gap.adv_complete.status = p->adv_data_raw_cmpl.status;
        break;
      case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_START_COMPLETE_EVT:  // Used by: esp32_ble_beacon
        this->event_.gap.adv_complete.status = p->adv_start_cmpl.status;
        break;
      case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_STOP_COMPLETE_EVT:  // Used by: esp32_ble_beacon
        this->event_.gap.adv_complete.status = p->adv_stop_cmpl.status;
        break;
 
      // RSSI complete event
      // Used by: ble_client (ble_rssi_sensor)
      case ESP_GAP_BLE_READ_RSSI_COMPLETE_EVT:
        this->event_.gap.read_rssi_complete.status = p->read_rssi_cmpl.status;
        this->event_.gap.read_rssi_complete.rssi = p->read_rssi_cmpl.rssi;
        memcpy(this->event_.gap.read_rssi_complete.remote_addr, p->read_rssi_cmpl.remote_addr, sizeof(esp_bd_addr_t));
        break;
 
      // Security events - copy the entire security union
      // Used by: ble_client, bluetooth_proxy, esp32_ble_client
      case ESP_GAP_BLE_AUTH_CMPL_EVT:      // Used by: bluetooth_proxy, esp32_ble_client
      case ESP_GAP_BLE_SEC_REQ_EVT:        // Used by: esp32_ble_client
      case ESP_GAP_BLE_PASSKEY_NOTIF_EVT:  // Used by: ble_client automation
      case ESP_GAP_BLE_PASSKEY_REQ_EVT:    // Used by: ble_client automation
      case ESP_GAP_BLE_NC_REQ_EVT:         // Used by: ble_client automation
        memcpy(&this->event_.gap.security, &p->ble_security, sizeof(esp_ble_sec_t));
        break;
 
      default:
        // We only store data for GAP events that components currently use
        // Unknown events still get queued and logged in ble.cpp:375 as
        // "Unhandled GAP event type in loop" - this helps identify new events
        // that components might need in the future
        break;
    }
  }
 
  // Initialize GATTC event data
  void init_gattc_data_(esp_gattc_cb_event_t e, esp_gatt_if_t i, esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *p) {
    this->event_.gattc.gattc_event = e;
    this->event_.gattc.gattc_if = i;
 
    if (p == nullptr) {
      // Zero out the param struct when null
      memset(&this->event_.gattc.gattc_param, 0, sizeof(this->event_.gattc.gattc_param));
      this->event_.gattc.is_inline = false;
      this->event_.gattc.data.heap_data = nullptr;
      this->event_.gattc.data_len = 0;
      return;  // Invalid event, but we can't log in header file
    }
 
    // Copy param struct inline (no heap allocation!)
    // GATTC/GATTS events are rare (<1% of events) but we can still store them inline
    // along with small data payloads, eliminating all heap allocations for typical BLE operations
    // CRITICAL: This copy is REQUIRED for memory safety - the ESP-IDF param pointer
    // is only valid during the callback and will be reused/freed after we return
    this->event_.gattc.gattc_param = *p;
 
    // Copy data for events that need it
    // The param struct contains pointers (e.g., notify.value) that point to temporary buffers.
    // We must copy this data to ensure it remains valid when the event is processed later.
    switch (e) {
      case ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT:
        copy_data_with_inline_storage_<decltype(this->event_.gattc), GATTC_INLINE_DATA_SIZE>(
            this->event_.gattc, p->notify.value, p->notify.value_len, &this->event_.gattc.gattc_param.notify.value);
        break;
      case ESP_GATTC_READ_CHAR_EVT:
      case ESP_GATTC_READ_DESCR_EVT:
        copy_data_with_inline_storage_<decltype(this->event_.gattc), GATTC_INLINE_DATA_SIZE>(
            this->event_.gattc, p->read.value, p->read.value_len, &this->event_.gattc.gattc_param.read.value);
        break;
      default:
        this->event_.gattc.is_inline = false;
        this->event_.gattc.data.heap_data = nullptr;
        this->event_.gattc.data_len = 0;
        break;
    }
  }
 
  // Initialize GATTS event data
  void init_gatts_data_(esp_gatts_cb_event_t e, esp_gatt_if_t i, esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t *p) {
    this->event_.gatts.gatts_event = e;
    this->event_.gatts.gatts_if = i;
 
    if (p == nullptr) {
      // Zero out the param struct when null
      memset(&this->event_.gatts.gatts_param, 0, sizeof(this->event_.gatts.gatts_param));
      this->event_.gatts.is_inline = false;
      this->event_.gatts.data.heap_data = nullptr;
      this->event_.gatts.data_len = 0;
      return;  // Invalid event, but we can't log in header file
    }
 
    // Copy param struct inline (no heap allocation!)
    // GATTC/GATTS events are rare (<1% of events) but we can still store them inline
    // along with small data payloads, eliminating all heap allocations for typical BLE operations
    // CRITICAL: This copy is REQUIRED for memory safety - the ESP-IDF param pointer
    // is only valid during the callback and will be reused/freed after we return
    this->event_.gatts.gatts_param = *p;
 
    // Copy data for events that need it
    // The param struct contains pointers (e.g., write.value) that point to temporary buffers.
    // We must copy this data to ensure it remains valid when the event is processed later.
    switch (e) {
      case ESP_GATTS_WRITE_EVT:
        copy_data_with_inline_storage_<decltype(this->event_.gatts), GATTS_INLINE_DATA_SIZE>(
            this->event_.gatts, p->write.value, p->write.len, &this->event_.gatts.gatts_param.write.value);
        break;
      default:
        this->event_.gatts.is_inline = false;
        this->event_.gatts.data.heap_data = nullptr;
        this->event_.gatts.data_len = 0;
        break;
    }
  }
};
 
// Verify the gap_event struct hasn't grown beyond expected size
// The gap member in the union should be 80 bytes (including the gap_event enum)
static_assert(sizeof(decltype(((BLEEvent *) nullptr)->event_.gap)) <= 80, "gap_event struct has grown beyond 80 bytes");
 
// Verify GATTC and GATTS structs don't exceed GAP struct size
// This ensures the union size is determined by GAP (the most common event type)
static_assert(sizeof(decltype(((BLEEvent *) nullptr)->event_.gattc)) <=
                  sizeof(decltype(((BLEEvent *) nullptr)->event_.gap)),
              "gattc_event struct exceeds gap_event size - union size would increase");
static_assert(sizeof(decltype(((BLEEvent *) nullptr)->event_.gatts)) <=
                  sizeof(decltype(((BLEEvent *) nullptr)->event_.gap)),
              "gatts_event struct exceeds gap_event size - union size would increase");
 
// Verify esp_ble_sec_t fits within our union
static_assert(sizeof(esp_ble_sec_t) <= 73, "esp_ble_sec_t is larger than BLEScanResult");
 
// BLEEvent total size: 84 bytes (80 byte union + 1 byte type + 3 bytes padding)
 
}  // namespace esphome::esp32_ble
 
#endif